How to Get a Permanent Work Visa in USA

In today’s globalized world, the USA remains a beacon for professionals seeking a stable career and a better life. The pursuit of the American dream often begins with securing a permanent work visa. This article delves deep into the steps, nuances, and key details you need to know about obtaining one.

What is permanent work visa

A permanent work visa isn’t a term typically used in U.S. immigration jargon. Instead, what many people refer to as a “permanent work visa” is actually an employment-based green card. An employment-based green card grants the holder lawful permanent residency in the U.S. based on certain types of employment.

Benefit of Permanent Work Visa

Obtaining what’s commonly referred to as a “permanent work visa,” more accurately known as an employment-based green card, offers a myriad of benefits to the holder. Here’s a breakdown of the main advantages:

1. Permanent Residency: The most obvious benefit is the permission to live and work in the United States indefinitely, as long as one does not commit actions that would make them removable under immigration law.
2. Freedom to Work: You can work for almost any employer in the U.S. without needing sponsorship, and you can change jobs without jeopardizing your residency status. This provides career flexibility and stability.
3. Path to Citizenship: After a specified period, green card holders can apply for U.S. citizenship, granting them even more rights and benefits, including the right to vote.
4. Family Benefits: Green card holders can sponsor certain family members for their own green cards, meaning they can bring spouses and unmarried children under the age of 21 to live permanently in the U.S. Some categories also allow for sponsoring other close family members.
5. Protection under U.S. Laws: Green card holders enjoy the same legal protections under U.S. law as U.S. citizens. This includes rights defined in the U.S. Constitution.
6. Access to U.S. Education: Holders have the right to apply and attend any U.S. school or college. In some cases, they might even qualify for in-state tuition, scholarships, or other financial assistance available to U.S. residents.
7. Social Benefits: Permanent residents can receive Social Security benefits after working in the U.S. for ten years. They may also qualify for other social benefits like Medicare.
8. Ability to Travel: While green card holders can travel internationally, they must maintain their residency in the U.S. and should be cautious about extended stays outside the country, which can jeopardize their resident status.
9. Property Ownership: Green card holders can purchase, own, and sell real estate in the U.S.
10. Business Ownership and Investment: Green card holders can start businesses, invest in existing businesses, and more generally, engage in commerce just as U.S. citizens can.
11. Retirement Benefits: After working and contributing to U.S. social programs for years, green card holders can retire in the U.S. and have access to benefits like Social Security, subject to certain conditions.
12. Protection from Deportation: Although green card holders can be deported under certain circumstances (like committing a serious crime), they are generally protected against deportation and enjoy a higher degree of stability than those on temporary visas.

Types of Permanent Work Visas

There are several categories of employment-based green cards:

1. EB-1 (First Preference) – Priority Workers: This includes individuals with extraordinary ability in the arts, sciences, education, business, or athletics; outstanding professors and researchers; and multinational executives and managers.
2. EB-2 (Second Preference) – Professionals with Advanced Degrees or Persons with Exceptional Ability: This includes individuals in the sciences, arts, or business; advanced degree professionals; and physicians intending to practice medicine in underserved areas.
3. EB-3 (Third Preference) – Skilled Workers, Professionals, and Other Workers: This category captures skilled workers with at least 2 years of experience or training, professionals with a baccalaureate degree, and other workers with less than 2 years of experience or training.
4. EB-4 (Fourth Preference) – Special Immigrants: This is a diverse category, including certain religious workers, employees of U.S. foreign service posts, retired employees of international organizations, alien minors who are wards of courts in the U.S., and more.
5. EB-5 (Fifth Preference) – Immigrant Investors: This category is for individuals who invest a certain amount of money in new commercial enterprises in the U.S. and plan to create or preserve 10 permanent full-time jobs for qualified U.S. workers.

Acquiring one of these employment-based green cards means that the holder can live and work permanently in the U.S. They can also bring certain family members to the U.S. and, eventually, may be eligible to apply for U.S. citizenship.

It’s worth noting that these categories often require a U.S. employer to sponsor the foreign national’s green card application. One notable exception is the EB-1 category for individuals with extraordinary ability; they can self-petition if they can demonstrate that their employment in the U.S. would benefit the nation.

How to Get a Permanent Work Visa in USA

1. Understanding the US Immigration Landscape

Before embarking on the journey to get a permanent work visa, it’s essential to grasp the basics of the U.S. immigration system. The visa for permanent work typically refers to employment-based green cards.

2. Categories of Permanent Work Visas

• EB-1: For priority workers with exceptional skills in arts, sciences, education, business, or athletics.
• EB-2: For those with advanced degrees or unique expertise.
• EB-3: Meant for skilled workers, professionals, and unskilled workers.
• EB-4: Special immigrants, including religious workers and military translators.
• EB-5: For immigrant investors ready to invest significantly in U.S. job creation.

3. Navigating the Application Process

The application journey usually begins with the employer filing Form I-140, Petition for Alien Worker. However, the specifics depend on the visa category. Ensure you have all necessary documents, forms, and fees prepared.

4. The Importance of Labor Certification

The PERM (Program Electronic Review Management) process can be intricate. Here, the U.S. Department of Labor verifies that there aren’t sufficient U.S. workers capable of performing the job for which the visa is sought.

5. Deciding: Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing?

Whether you’re currently in the U.S. or abroad can affect your path to permanent residency. Knowing the difference between adjusting your status and consular processing is crucial.

6. Costs and Financial Implications

From application fees to potential legal counsel, understanding the monetary elements can help you budget and avoid surprises.

7. Potential Pitfalls & How to Evade Them

Errors in documentation or misunderstandings can delay your visa process. It’s essential to be diligent, accurate, and informed.

8. Rights and Responsibilities of Visa Holders

Once you secure a permanent work visa, you gain certain rights – like the ability to work freely – but also assume responsibilities. Staying informed is key.

9. From Permanent Residency to U.S. Citizenship

For many, a permanent work visa is a stepping stone to becoming a U.S. citizen. Knowing the requirements and process can help you plan for the future.

10. The Role of Immigration Attorneys

Navigating U.S. immigration can be complex. An experienced immigration attorney can be invaluable, offering guidance and ensuring all processes are followed correctly.

Common Challenges and Mistakes in Getting a permanent work visa

Securing an employment-based green card, often referred to as a “permanent work visa,” in the U.S. is a complex process, and applicants often encounter a range of challenges and pitfalls. Here are some of the common challenges and mistakes:

1. Inaccurate or Incomplete Documentation: This is one of the most frequent reasons applications get delayed or denied. Everything from incorrect names, missing pages, or outdated forms can result in setbacks.
2. Failing the Labor Certification Process: For certain green card categories, employers need to obtain a certification from the U.S. Department of Labor to prove there are no qualified U.S. workers available for the job. Mistakes in this process can lead to certification denials.
3. Not Understanding Visa Bulletins: The U.S. State Department issues a visa bulletin monthly. Applicants must understand when their priority dates become current, or they may miss vital application windows.
4. Not Maintaining Legal Status: Those applying from within the U.S. must maintain their legal status throughout the application process. Even a short gap can jeopardize their green card application.
5. Lack of Preparation for the Interview: Being unprepared for the green card interview or providing inconsistent answers can raise doubts about the authenticity of your application.
6. Not Following Medical Examination Protocols: Applicants must undergo a medical examination. Errors like missing vaccinations or not following specific instructions can lead to delays.
7. Relying on Unverified Information: Depending solely on anecdotes, advice from forums, or unofficial sources can lead to misunderstandings and mistakes.
8. Missed Deadlines: Immigration involves numerous deadlines, from submitting forms to responding to Requests for Evidence (RFEs). Missing these can have serious repercussions.
9. Not Updating USCIS about Changes: Not informing USCIS about changes, like a new address, can mean missing crucial correspondence.
10. Assuming No Lawyer is Needed: While not everyone needs an immigration attorney, many applicants can benefit from the expertise and guidance they provide, especially in complex cases.
11. Failing to Renew or Abandoning the Application: Some applicants assume once they’ve submitted their paperwork, the process is out of their hands. Regular follow-ups and renewing applications, if needed, are vital.
12. Travel Mistakes: Traveling outside the U.S. without the necessary permissions while your green card application is pending can be seen as abandoning the application.
13. Criminal Issues: Having criminal issues, even if minor or from many years ago, can pose challenges. It’s essential to be upfront and seek legal advice if this applies to you.
14. Lack of Evidence for Authentic Relationships: For those applying through marriage to a U.S. citizen, failing to provide enough evidence of a genuine relationship can raise red flags.
15. Not Seeking Help When Issues Arise: If there are complications, like an unexpected RFE or a notice of intent to deny, it’s crucial to seek legal guidance immediately.

Rights and Obligations of Permanent Work Visa Holders

Holders of an employment-based green card, commonly referred to as a “permanent work visa,” are granted certain rights and responsibilities as lawful permanent residents (LPRs) of the United States. Here’s an overview:

Rights of Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs):

1. Live Indefinitely in the U.S.: LPRs can live, work, and study in the U.S. without any time limit, as long as they do not commit actions that would render them deportable.
2. Work Anywhere: Green card holders can work in any occupation, anywhere in the U.S., and change jobs without needing any additional permission. They can also start their own business or corporation.
3. Protection by U.S. Laws: LPRs have the right to be protected by all laws of the United States, their state of residence, and local jurisdictions, just like U.S. citizens.
4. Travel Outside the U.S.: They can travel abroad and return to the U.S. However, prolonged absences (especially those over six months) can jeopardize their green card status.
5. Sponsor Certain Relatives for Green Cards: LPRs can sponsor certain family members for their own green cards, though the process may be lengthier than for U.S. citizens.
6. Apply for U.S. Citizenship: After a specified period (usually five years, or three years if married to a U.S. citizen), LPRs can apply for U.S. citizenship.

Obligations of Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs):

1. Obey All Laws: Green card holders must obey all federal, state, and local laws. Committing certain crimes can make an LPR deportable.
2. File Income Taxes: LPRs are required to file income tax returns and report their income to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and state tax authorities.
3. Support the Democratic Form of Government: LPRs are expected to support the U.S. Constitution and form of government.
4. Register with the Selective Service: Male LPRs between the ages of 18 and 25 must register with the Selective Service System, which can call them to military service in times of need.
5. Maintain Residency: It’s essential to maintain a permanent residence in the U.S. Extended absences can be viewed as an abandonment of residency.
6. Carry Proof of Residency: LPRs aged 18 and older must carry their valid green card with them at all times.
7. Notify USCIS of Address Changes: LPRs must notify the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) within ten days of moving by filing Form AR-11.
8. Renew or Replace Green Cards: While the status is permanent, the physical card is not. LPRs must renew their green cards every 10 years or replace them if lost or damaged.

Transition to U.S. Citizenship with permanent work visa

Transitioning from having an employment-based green card (often referred to as a “permanent work visa”) to U.S. citizenship involves a process called naturalization. Here’s a step-by-step overview of how a holder of a green card can become a U.S. citizen:

1. Determine Eligibility:

• Residency Requirement: You must have been a lawful permanent resident (LPR) for at least five years. If you’re married to a U.S. citizen, this period reduces to three years, but during those three years, you must have been living in marital union with your U.S. citizen spouse.
• Physical Presence: You must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the five years preceding your application (or 18 months out of the three years if you’re married to a U.S. citizen).
• Continuous Residence: Ensure you haven’t taken trips outside of the U.S. that last six months or longer, as it might disrupt your continuous residence.
• State Residency: Before applying, you should have lived in the state or district where you’re applying for at least three months.
• Good Moral Character: Generally, you should demonstrate good moral character for five years before your application.
• English and Civics: Except for certain exemptions, you should be able to read, write, and speak basic English and have a basic understanding of U.S. history and government.

2. Apply for Naturalization:

• Fill out Form N-400, the Application for Naturalization.
• Pay the appropriate fees and submit the application to USCIS.

3. Attend a Biometrics Appointment:

• After submitting your application, USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment. Here, your fingerprints, photo, and signature will be taken for identification purposes and a background check.

4. Prepare for and Attend the Interview:

• Once your N-400 form is processed, USCIS will set up an interview. You’ll be tested on English and civics unless you qualify for an exception.
• During the interview, an immigration officer will also review your application and your answers to questions about your background, character, and willingness to take the Oath of Allegiance.

5. Wait for a Decision:

• USCIS will notify you in writing of its decision to grant or deny your citizenship application.

6. Attend the Oath Ceremony:

• If approved, you’ll get a notification to attend an Oath of Allegiance ceremony. Attending this ceremony is the final step in the naturalization process.
• You will return your Permanent Resident Card (Green Card) and take the Oath of Allegiance. Once you take the oath, you’ll receive a Certificate of Naturalization.

7. Apply for a U.S. Passport:

• After becoming a U.S. citizen, you are eligible to apply for a U.S. passport, which is one of the key proofs of U.S. citizenship.

Throughout the process, it’s essential to maintain good moral character and comply with all U.S. laws. It’s advisable to consult with an immigration attorney to guide you through the naturalization process, as mistakes can lead to delays or denials.

Conclusion

Securing a permanent work visa in the USA is a multi-step journey, requiring patience, diligence, and accurate information. By staying informed and prepared, you can navigate the process more smoothly and realize your American dream.